Blood cancers and disorders, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, are caused by uncontrolled growth of abnormal blood cells that prevent the blood from performing essential functions, like fighting off infections. Treatment for blood cancer may include chemotherapy and radiation, which can destroy the blood stem cells needed to produce new, healthy blood cells. For patients with severe disease, one treatment option is a bone marrow transplant, where healthy blood-forming stem cells are infused into the body to replace bone marrow that is not producing enough healthy blood cells. Bone marrow transplants may use cells from the patient’s own body (autologous transplant) or from a donor (allogeneic transplant). Prior to a bone marrow transplant, patients undergo chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation, to prepare for transplantation. For many patients, a bone marrow transplant has the potential to be curative; however, it carries serious risks including a compromised immune system, graft rejection, infections, and transplant-related complications.